Causes Of Low Blood Pressure:
IMPORTANT!
The information in this section cannot be used for self-diagnosis and self-medication. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, diagnostic tests should be prescribed only by the attending physician. For diagnosis and proper treatment, you should contact your doctor.
A decrease in blood pressure is the cause of the occurrence, in which diseases it occurs, diagnosis and treatment methods.
Arterial hypotension - a pathological decrease in blood pressure (BP) of less than 100/60 mm RT. Art., accompanied by dizziness, impaired vision, decreased mental ability and fainting. In different people, low blood pressure can vary over a wide range.
In the absence of other symptoms, some deviation from the lower limit of the norm is 100/60 mm RT. Art. permissible at initially low pressure.
A significant decrease in blood pressure is considered to be a decrease of 20% or more from normal values.
Symptoms of lowering blood pressure
weakness;
dizziness;
nausea;
vomiting;
loss of consciousness;
impaired coordination of movements;
pallor of the skin;
slowing or increasing heart rate.
Types of Hypotension:
Physiological hypotension - the blood pressure of a healthy person at rest is below 100/60 mm Hg. Art. It occurs as an individual variant of the norm in athletes, residents of the highlands, tropics and the Arctic (adaptive or compensatory hypotension).
Hypotension is considered pathological with a decrease in physical activity, disability and the appearance of other symptoms of distress. In practice, there are acute and chronic decreases in blood pressure. Separately, orthostatic and drug hypotension are isolated. Orthostatic hypotension is a decrease in systolic (upper) blood pressure by 10 mm RT. Art. or more in combination with an increase in heart rate of 10 beats per minute or more when the patient moves from a lying position to a sitting or standing position. The described changes should be maintained for at least two minutes after a change in body position.
Drug hypotension is a decrease in blood pressure due to taking medications that lower blood pressure.
Possible causes of lowering blood pressure
To understand the cause of the decrease in blood pressure, it is necessary to determine the timing of the development of hypotension.
If the pressure drops sharply, then the cause may be acute heart failure, severe bleeding, infection, toxic syndrome, severe fever, dehydration, overdose of some drugs.
A pronounced decrease in blood pressure is one of the main symptoms of developing shock. This condition is accompanied by impaired tissue circulation and leads to irreversible consequences. Shock can be:
circulatory. Includes: anaphylactic shock (as a result of an allergic reaction to the influence of a substance) and infectious-toxic shock (with poisoning, infections and intoxications);
cardiogenic - with acute cardiac abnormalities (most often with myocardial infarction).
It should be understood that low pressure occurs in violation of the mechanisms of its regulation. Chronic hypotension can lead to a decrease in the activity of the endocrine glands. So, for example, with hypothyroidism, the metabolism changes, in particular, proteins and electrolytes, which leads to redistribution of fluid in the body and to a change in blood pressure. Also, in hypothyroid states, the development of arterial hypotension is a consequence of bradycardia (slowing of the pulse).
If the patient suffers from chronic adrenal insufficiency, then as a result of a deficiency of the hormones aldosterone and cortisol, sodium is lost and potassium is retained in the body, which leads to dehydration and disruption of the cardiovascular system. One symptom may be a decrease in blood pressure.
A neurogenic decrease in blood pressure is more common in adolescence and young adulthood. This type of hypotension is the result of a functional disorder of the nervous system or organic brain damage. The causes of organic brain damage can be:
injuries (concussions or bruises of the brain);
degenerative changes in the substance of the brain (changes in the structure of the membranes of neurons, destruction of neurons);
cerebrovascular accidents (heart attacks, strokes);
violation of the secretion of catecholamines (adrenaline, norepinephrine) - physiologically active substances - during exercise.
Drug hypotension is a decrease in blood pressure that occurs with an overdose of antihypertensive drugs.
These include the following groups of drugs:
nitrates (nitroglycerin);
inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) - captopril, enalapril, perindopril and others;
slow calcium channel blockers (nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem, etc.);
beta-blockers (metaprolol, bisoprolol, etc.);
diuretics
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