Causes Of Brain Tumor

Causes Of  Brain Tumor

Causes Of Brain Tumor

A Causes Of  Brain Tumor  is significantly different from other neoplasms. These differences are in histogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment options. The specificity of brain tumors determines the presence of the blood-brain barrier. The blood-brain barrier limits the penetration of many substances (including drugs) from the bloodstream into the brain tissue. A brain tumor can occur at any age. Malignant astrocytic tumors, such as anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme, account for about 60% of all brain formations and belong to malignant gliomas. Astrocytoma is usually located in the white matter of the brain. Brain cancer is relatively rare - about 1.5% among all types of tumors.

DIAGNOSTICS

Diagnosis of brain cancer in the clinic LISOD

The basis for a presumptive diagnosis of a brain tumor and referral of a patient for consultation with an oncologist are the appearance and progressive increase in the severity of certain neurological symptoms. LISOD uses modern methods for the diagnosis of brain tumors.Causes Of  Brain Tumor

NON-INVASIVE METHODS

.Neurological research.

.Pathopsychological examination.

.Neuroophthalmological research.

.Otoneurological research.

.CT scan.

.Echoencephalography (ultrasound).

.Electroencephalography

INVASIVE METHODS

Investigation of cerebrospinal fluid: Causes Of Brain Tumor

cerebrospinal fluid pressure, protein content in cerebrospinal fluid, cytological examination, cytoscopy of cerebrospinal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid examination for B-glucuronidase activity, study of cerebrospinal fluid isoenzyme composition.

CT with intravenous contrast

Scintigraphy

Endoscopic examination (ventriculoscopy + operations)

Immunohistochemical diagnosis

Puncture biopsy immediately before surgery to finalize the diagnosis.

TREATMENT

Complete information on the diagnosis and treatment of this type of cancer will be provided to you by the consultants of the LISOD Information Service:

The treatment of brain tumors is one of the most difficult tasks. Gliomas are treated with surgical removal, postoperative radiation therapy and the use of various chemotherapy regimens. Anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme are characterized by significantly greater radio and chemoresistance compared to other tumors.

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of surgical intervention, but it is not always possible to implement it. Due to the lack of clear boundaries between the tumor and the brain substance, macroscopically complete removal of malignant tumors can be performed using refined preoperative diagnostics of their spread and location using modern diagnostic methods (CT, AH, radioisotope scintigraphy, preoperative staining of the tumor )

The effectiveness of the treatment of most malignant brain tumors is achieved through a combination of surgical, radiation (radiation therapy of brain tumors) and chemotherapeutic (chemotherapy of brain tumors) treatment methods. In some tumors, the main treatment methods are brain irradiation or chemotherapy for brain tumors. Metastatic brain tumors are malignant neoplasms that form in cancer cells that occur in various areas or organs of the body. Oncological diseases such as lung, breast, skin, and kidney cancers are the most common cause of metastatic brain tumors. Brain metastases are treated according to the rules of treatment for the type of cancer that generated these metastases.

SYMPTOMS

Depending on the location of the brain tumor and its size, brain cancer can produce a wide variety of symptoms. The clinical manifestations of brain tumors usually increase with the development of the disease. This can be expressed in an increase in focal, cerebral and somatic symptoms. If the brain tumor is benign, the disease usually develops gradually, slowly and gently over several years. The development of a brain tumor can occur hidden for a long time, with periodic exacerbations of clinical manifestations. In malignant tumors, the disease usually begins acutely, sometimes with a stroke, like a vascular disease of the brain or an infectious viral meningo-encephalitis.

Headache is one of the main, frequent and early cerebral symptoms of developing tumors. The nature of the headache may depend on the location of the tumor and its histostructure.

As a cerebral symptom, vomiting occurs frequently and has a number of characteristic features: sudden, reflex, gushing character. The occurrence of vomiting does not depend on food intake, it is often on an empty stomach and without preliminary nausea, belching and abdominal pain.

Dizziness occurs under the influence of an acute increase in intracranial and cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Usually dizziness is accompanied by tinnitus, hearing loss, as well as headache, vomiting.

Mental symptoms occur gradually along with other cerebral symptoms as a result of an increasing increase in intracranial pressure, circulatory and lymphatic circulation disorders, hypoxia, cerebral edema and dystrophy of the cellular structures of the cerebral cortex. Intoxication can also cause mental symptoms. The most typical mental disorders: stupor, weakening of attention, dullness of perception and memory, slowing down of associative processes, decrease in critical attitude towards oneself, one’s illness and others, general lethargy, indifference, lack of initiative.

.There are also mental syndromes that have topical diagnostic significance.

.With tumors of the frontal lobe:

.General lethargy, inertia, lack of initiative, apathy, loss of memory and intelligence;

.Mental agitation, aggressiveness, which are replaced by complacency and euphoria;

.Frivolity, uncriticality, strange behavior, untidiness with urine and feces.

.For tumors of the temporal lobe: olfactory, taste, and auditory hallucinations.

When a tumor is localized at the junction of the temporal and occipital lobes: visual hallucinations.

.In case of damage to the parietal lobe: pain in the limbs.

Meningeal symptoms can develop as a result of increased intracranial pressure, as well as local effects on the lining of the brain. Epileptic syndrome often occurs in the early stages of the disease before the appearance of intracranial hypertension (in 36.7% of cases it manifests itself first).

RISK FACTORS

Unfortunately, the causes of brain tumors are still not known. A high probability, according to many researchers, can be given to traumatic brain injury, heredity and adverse environmental influences.